GL50 1HP, Cheltenham has recorded a total of 242 crimes in the recent period of September 2024, equating to a crime rate of 87.05 per 1,000 population. This GL50 1HP crime rate stands in contrast to the broader GL50 postcode area, which has experienced 341 crimes and a crime rate of 15.30 per 1,000 population (September 2024 stats).
It's important to note that this GL50 1HP crime data is based on a circular area with a 500-meter radius around GL50 1HP, encompassing approximately 2779 residents.
For the location information and nearby amenities in the GL50 1HP area, explore the GL50 1HP Area information page.
To explore detailed house prices and statistics in the GL50 1HP area, visit the GL50 1HP House Prices
The most prevalent crimes in the area during Sep were:
The surrounding areas of below locations have emerged as crime hotspots,
In September 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 76 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 66 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 76 | 87.05 | 10.14% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 66 | 27.34 | -2.94% |
| Shoplifting | 31 | 23.74 | -24.39% |
| Public order | 17 | 11.15 | 6.25% |
| Other theft | 15 | 6.12 | 25.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 10 | 5.40 | -44.44% |
| Drugs | 6 | 3.60 | -14.29% |
| Other crime | 5 | 2.16 | 66.67% |
| Burglary | 5 | 1.80 | -37.50% |
| Possession of weapons | 3 | 1.80 | 0.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 3 | 1.08 | 50.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 2 | 1.08 | 100.00% |
| Robbery | 2 | 0.72 | -50.00% |
| Theft from the person | 1 | 0.72 | -66.67% |
In August 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 69 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 68 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 69 | 91.73 | -8.00% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 68 | 24.82 | 3.03% |
| Shoplifting | 41 | 24.46 | 70.83% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 18 | 14.75 | 157.14% |
| Public order | 16 | 6.47 | 45.45% |
| Other theft | 12 | 5.76 | -7.69% |
| Burglary | 8 | 4.32 | 0.00% |
| Drugs | 7 | 2.88 | 40.00% |
| Robbery | 4 | 2.52 | -42.86% |
| Other crime | 3 | 1.44 | 50.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 3 | 1.08 | 0.00% |
| Theft from the person | 3 | 1.08 | 0.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 2 | 1.08 | -60.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 1 | 0.72 | -75.00% |
In July 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 75 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 66 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 75 | 82.73 | 19.05% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 66 | 26.98 | -13.16% |
| Shoplifting | 24 | 23.74 | -27.27% |
| Other theft | 13 | 8.63 | -18.75% |
| Public order | 11 | 4.68 | -38.89% |
| Burglary | 8 | 3.96 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 7 | 2.88 | 600.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 7 | 2.52 | -41.67% |
| Drugs | 5 | 2.52 | 150.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 5 | 1.80 | 25.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 4 | 1.80 | -20.00% |
| Theft from the person | 3 | 1.44 | 0.00% |
| Other crime | 2 | 1.08 | -33.33% |
In June 2024, Anti-social behaviour recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 76 followed closely by Violence and sexual offences, which accounted for 63 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-social behaviour | 76 | 87.77 | 8.57% |
| Violence and sexual offences | 63 | 27.34 | 36.96% |
| Shoplifting | 33 | 22.66 | 26.92% |
| Public order | 18 | 11.87 | -18.18% |
| Other theft | 16 | 6.47 | 33.33% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 12 | 5.76 | 9.09% |
| Burglary | 8 | 4.32 | 100.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 5 | 2.88 | -16.67% |
| Vehicle crime | 4 | 1.80 | 33.33% |
| Other crime | 3 | 1.44 | 200.00% |
| Theft from the person | 3 | 1.08 | 50.00% |
| Drugs | 2 | 1.08 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
In May 2024, Anti-social behaviour recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 70 followed closely by Violence and sexual offences, which accounted for 46 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-social behaviour | 70 | 73.38 | 66.67% |
| Violence and sexual offences | 46 | 25.18 | -4.17% |
| Shoplifting | 26 | 16.55 | 23.81% |
| Public order | 22 | 9.35 | 46.67% |
| Other theft | 12 | 7.91 | -20.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 11 | 4.32 | -8.33% |
| Bicycle theft | 6 | 3.96 | 500.00% |
| Burglary | 4 | 2.16 | 100.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 3 | 1.44 | 0.00% |
| Theft from the person | 2 | 1.08 | 100.00% |
| Other crime | 1 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.36 | 0.00% |
In April 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 48 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 42 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 48 | 61.51 | -47.83% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 42 | 17.27 | -33.33% |
| Shoplifting | 21 | 15.11 | -34.38% |
| Public order | 15 | 7.55 | -16.67% |
| Other theft | 15 | 5.40 | -50.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 12 | 5.40 | -47.83% |
| Drugs | 7 | 4.32 | 16.67% |
| Vehicle crime | 3 | 2.52 | -50.00% |
| Burglary | 2 | 1.08 | -60.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 2 | 0.72 | 100.00% |
| Theft from the person | 1 | 0.72 | -90.91% |
| Other crime | 1 | 0.36 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.36 | -88.89% |
| Bicycle theft | 1 | 0.36 | -90.91% |
In March 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 92 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 63 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 92 | 110.43 | 29.58% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 63 | 33.09 | 3.28% |
| Shoplifting | 32 | 22.66 | -3.03% |
| Other theft | 30 | 11.51 | 87.50% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 23 | 10.79 | 0.00% |
| Public order | 18 | 8.27 | -28.00% |
| Theft from the person | 11 | 6.47 | 1000.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 11 | 3.96 | 57.14% |
| Robbery | 9 | 3.96 | 200.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 6 | 3.24 | 20.00% |
| Drugs | 6 | 2.16 | -25.00% |
| Burglary | 5 | 2.16 | -28.57% |
| Possession of weapons | 1 | 1.80 | 0.00% |
In February 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 71 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 61 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 71 | 94.25 | 20.34% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 61 | 25.54 | 45.24% |
| Shoplifting | 33 | 21.94 | -35.29% |
| Public order | 25 | 11.87 | -7.41% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 23 | 8.99 | -28.12% |
| Other theft | 16 | 8.27 | -36.00% |
| Drugs | 8 | 5.76 | 33.33% |
| Bicycle theft | 7 | 2.88 | -30.00% |
| Burglary | 7 | 2.52 | -41.67% |
| Vehicle crime | 5 | 2.52 | -44.44% |
| Robbery | 3 | 1.80 | 50.00% |
| Other crime | 2 | 1.08 | 100.00% |
| Theft from the person | 1 | 0.72 | -50.00% |
In January 2024, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 59 followed closely by Shoplifting, which accounted for 51 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 59 | 100.36 | -42.72% |
| Shoplifting | 51 | 21.22 | -13.56% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 42 | 18.35 | -17.65% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 32 | 15.11 | 52.38% |
| Public order | 27 | 11.51 | -3.57% |
| Other theft | 25 | 9.71 | 47.06% |
| Burglary | 12 | 8.99 | 200.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 10 | 4.32 | 100.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 9 | 3.60 | 80.00% |
| Drugs | 6 | 3.24 | 50.00% |
| Theft from the person | 2 | 2.16 | -66.67% |
| Robbery | 2 | 0.72 | 100.00% |
| Other crime | 1 | 0.72 | -50.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 1 | 0.36 | -50.00% |
In December 2023, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 103 followed closely by Shoplifting, which accounted for 59 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 103 | 110.79 | 24.10% |
| Shoplifting | 59 | 37.05 | 90.32% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 51 | 21.22 | 64.52% |
| Public order | 28 | 18.35 | -20.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 21 | 10.07 | 90.91% |
| Other theft | 17 | 7.55 | 54.55% |
| Theft from the person | 6 | 6.12 | 0.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 5 | 2.16 | -16.67% |
| Vehicle crime | 5 | 1.80 | 0.00% |
| Burglary | 4 | 1.80 | -42.86% |
| Drugs | 4 | 1.44 | -20.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 2 | 1.44 | -33.33% |
| Other crime | 2 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
In November 2023, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 83 followed closely by Public order, which accounted for 35 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 83 | 85.25 | -8.79% |
| Public order | 35 | 29.86 | 29.63% |
| Shoplifting | 31 | 12.59 | -8.82% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 31 | 11.15 | -16.22% |
| Other theft | 11 | 11.15 | -45.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 11 | 3.96 | -15.38% |
| Burglary | 7 | 3.96 | 250.00% |
| Theft from the person | 6 | 2.52 | 100.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 6 | 2.16 | 50.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 5 | 2.16 | 25.00% |
| Drugs | 5 | 1.80 | 150.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 3 | 1.80 | 50.00% |
| Other crime | 2 | 1.08 | -60.00% |
| Robbery | 1 | 0.72 | -50.00% |
In October 2023, Violence and sexual offences recorded the highest number of incidents, totaling 91 followed closely by Anti-social behaviour, which accounted for 37 incidents.
| Crime Type | Count | Crime Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Violence and sexual offences | 91 | 88.49 | 0.00% |
| Anti-social behaviour | 37 | 32.73 | 0.00% |
| Shoplifting | 34 | 13.31 | 0.00% |
| Public order | 27 | 12.23 | 0.00% |
| Other theft | 20 | 9.71 | 0.00% |
| Criminal damage and arson | 13 | 7.19 | 0.00% |
| Other crime | 5 | 4.68 | 0.00% |
| Vehicle crime | 4 | 1.80 | 0.00% |
| Bicycle theft | 4 | 1.44 | 0.00% |
| Theft from the person | 3 | 1.44 | 0.00% |
| Robbery | 2 | 1.08 | 0.00% |
| Drugs | 2 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
| Possession of weapons | 2 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
| Burglary | 2 | 0.72 | 0.00% |
A total of 193 Criminal damage and arson incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 16.08 incidents per month. January 2024 saw the highest number of Criminal damage and arson incidents with 32 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 10 |
| August 2024 | 18 |
| July 2024 | 7 |
| June 2024 | 12 |
| May 2024 | 11 |
| April 2024 | 12 |
| March 2024 | 23 |
| February 2024 | 23 |
| January 2024 | 32 |
| December 2023 | 21 |
| November 2023 | 11 |
| October 2023 | 13 |
A total of 259 Public order incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 21.58 incidents per month. November 2023 saw the highest number of Public order incidents with 35 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 17 |
| August 2024 | 16 |
| July 2024 | 11 |
| June 2024 | 18 |
| May 2024 | 22 |
| April 2024 | 15 |
| March 2024 | 18 |
| February 2024 | 25 |
| January 2024 | 27 |
| December 2023 | 28 |
| November 2023 | 35 |
| October 2023 | 27 |
A total of 673 Anti-social behaviour incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 56.08 incidents per month. June 2024 saw the highest number of Anti-social behaviour incidents with 76 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 66 |
| August 2024 | 68 |
| July 2024 | 66 |
| June 2024 | 76 |
| May 2024 | 70 |
| April 2024 | 42 |
| March 2024 | 63 |
| February 2024 | 61 |
| January 2024 | 42 |
| December 2023 | 51 |
| November 2023 | 31 |
| October 2023 | 37 |
A total of 416 Shoplifting incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 34.67 incidents per month. December 2023 saw the highest number of Shoplifting incidents with 59 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 31 |
| August 2024 | 41 |
| July 2024 | 24 |
| June 2024 | 33 |
| May 2024 | 26 |
| April 2024 | 21 |
| March 2024 | 32 |
| February 2024 | 33 |
| January 2024 | 51 |
| December 2023 | 59 |
| November 2023 | 31 |
| October 2023 | 34 |
A total of 876 Violence and sexual offences incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 73.00 incidents per month. December 2023 saw the highest number of Violence and sexual offences incidents with 103 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 76 |
| August 2024 | 69 |
| July 2024 | 75 |
| June 2024 | 63 |
| May 2024 | 46 |
| April 2024 | 48 |
| March 2024 | 92 |
| February 2024 | 71 |
| January 2024 | 59 |
| December 2023 | 103 |
| November 2023 | 83 |
| October 2023 | 91 |
A total of 58 Drugs incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 5.27 incidents per month. February 2024 saw the highest number of Drugs incidents with 8 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 6 |
| August 2024 | 7 |
| July 2024 | 5 |
| June 2024 | 2 |
| April 2024 | 7 |
| March 2024 | 6 |
| February 2024 | 8 |
| January 2024 | 6 |
| December 2023 | 4 |
| November 2023 | 5 |
| October 2023 | 2 |
A total of 17 Possession of weapons incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 2.12 incidents per month. September 2024 saw the highest number of Possession of weapons incidents with 3 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 3 |
| August 2024 | 3 |
| April 2024 | 2 |
| March 2024 | 1 |
| January 2024 | 1 |
| December 2023 | 2 |
| November 2023 | 3 |
| October 2023 | 2 |
A total of 62 Bicycle theft incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 5.17 incidents per month. March 2024 saw the highest number of Bicycle theft incidents with 11 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 2 |
| August 2024 | 1 |
| July 2024 | 4 |
| June 2024 | 5 |
| May 2024 | 6 |
| April 2024 | 1 |
| March 2024 | 11 |
| February 2024 | 7 |
| January 2024 | 10 |
| December 2023 | 5 |
| November 2023 | 6 |
| October 2023 | 4 |
A total of 27 Other crime incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 2.45 incidents per month. September 2024 saw the highest number of Other crime incidents with 5 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 5 |
| August 2024 | 3 |
| July 2024 | 2 |
| June 2024 | 3 |
| May 2024 | 1 |
| April 2024 | 1 |
| February 2024 | 2 |
| January 2024 | 1 |
| December 2023 | 2 |
| November 2023 | 2 |
| October 2023 | 5 |
A total of 72 Burglary incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 6.00 incidents per month. January 2024 saw the highest number of Burglary incidents with 12 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 5 |
| August 2024 | 8 |
| July 2024 | 8 |
| June 2024 | 8 |
| May 2024 | 4 |
| April 2024 | 2 |
| March 2024 | 5 |
| February 2024 | 7 |
| January 2024 | 12 |
| December 2023 | 4 |
| November 2023 | 7 |
| October 2023 | 2 |
A total of 54 Vehicle crime incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 4.50 incidents per month. January 2024 saw the highest number of Vehicle crime incidents with 9 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 3 |
| August 2024 | 2 |
| July 2024 | 5 |
| June 2024 | 4 |
| May 2024 | 3 |
| April 2024 | 3 |
| March 2024 | 6 |
| February 2024 | 5 |
| January 2024 | 9 |
| December 2023 | 5 |
| November 2023 | 5 |
| October 2023 | 4 |
A total of 202 Other theft incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 16.83 incidents per month. March 2024 saw the highest number of Other theft incidents with 30 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 15 |
| August 2024 | 12 |
| July 2024 | 13 |
| June 2024 | 16 |
| May 2024 | 12 |
| April 2024 | 15 |
| March 2024 | 30 |
| February 2024 | 16 |
| January 2024 | 25 |
| December 2023 | 17 |
| November 2023 | 11 |
| October 2023 | 20 |
A total of 42 Theft from the person incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 3.50 incidents per month. March 2024 saw the highest number of Theft from the person incidents with 11 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 1 |
| August 2024 | 3 |
| July 2024 | 3 |
| June 2024 | 3 |
| May 2024 | 2 |
| April 2024 | 1 |
| March 2024 | 11 |
| February 2024 | 1 |
| January 2024 | 2 |
| December 2023 | 6 |
| November 2023 | 6 |
| October 2023 | 3 |
A total of 34 Robbery incidents were recorded over 12 month period, averaging 2.83 incidents per month. March 2024 saw the highest number of Robbery incidents with 9 reported cases.
| Month | Count |
|---|---|
| September 2024 | 2 |
| August 2024 | 4 |
| July 2024 | 7 |
| June 2024 | 1 |
| May 2024 | 1 |
| April 2024 | 1 |
| March 2024 | 9 |
| February 2024 | 3 |
| January 2024 | 2 |
| December 2023 | 1 |
| November 2023 | 1 |
| October 2023 | 2 |
A detailed breakdown of crime incidents by location within the GL50 1HP postcode area is presented below.
| Total | 28 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 14 |
| Public order | 6 |
| Other theft | 4 |
| Shoplifting | 2 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
| Total | 27 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 10 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 6 |
| Drugs | 3 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 3 |
| Possession of weapons | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Other theft | 1 |
| Theft from the person | 1 |
| Total | 19 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 9 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 3 |
| Public order | 2 |
| Shoplifting | 2 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
| Robbery | 1 |
| Total | 16 |
| Shoplifting | 8 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 5 |
| Other theft | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 13 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 5 |
| Shoplifting | 2 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 2 |
| Vehicle crime | 2 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Drugs | 1 |
| Total | 13 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 9 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 1 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 1 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
| Total | 12 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 6 |
| Shoplifting | 3 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 3 |
| Total | 11 |
| Shoplifting | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Other theft | 2 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 2 |
| Bicycle theft | 1 |
| Total | 8 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 3 |
| Shoplifting | 2 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 8 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 5 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 1 |
| Bicycle theft | 1 |
| Other crime | 1 |
| Total | 8 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 3 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
| Total | 8 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 7 |
| Other theft | 1 |
| Total | 6 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 3 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Drugs | 1 |
| Total | 5 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 2 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 1 |
| Other theft | 1 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
| Total | 5 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 4 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 5 |
| Other theft | 3 |
| Possession of weapons | 2 |
| Total | 5 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 2 |
| Vehicle crime | 1 |
| Total | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 3 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
| Total | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 2 |
| Total | 4 |
| Shoplifting | 3 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 4 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Burglary | 1 |
| Robbery | 1 |
| Total | 3 |
| Other crime | 2 |
| Drugs | 1 |
| Total | 3 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 2 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 2 |
| Criminal damage and arson | 2 |
| Total | 2 |
| Shoplifting | 1 |
| Violence and sexual offences | 1 |
| Total | 2 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 1 |
| Other theft | 1 |
| Total | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Total | 1 |
| Public order | 1 |
| Total | 1 |
| Anti-social behaviour | 1 |